1. **Problem statement:** We have a football league where each team plays every other team exactly once. Points are awarded as follows: 3 for a win, 0 for a loss, and 1 for a draw.
2. The league is divided into two groups: the 10 weakest teams and the rest (strong teams). Each team earned exactly 75% of its total points from games against the 10 weakest teams.
3. Among all games, 60% ended in a win and 40% in a draw. This ratio holds for games between all teams, between strong teams, and between the weakest teams.
4. Let the total number of teams be $N$. The 10 weakest teams form one group, and the strong teams form the other group with $N-10$ teams.
5. Total games played in the league: $$\frac{N(N-1)}{2}$$
6. Total games among the 10 weakest teams: $$\frac{10 \times 9}{2} = 45$$
7. Total games among the strong teams: $$\frac{(N-10)(N-11)}{2}$$
8. Total games between strong and weak teams: $$10 \times (N-10)$$
9. Points per game depend on result: win = 3 points to winner, 0 to loser; draw = 1 point each, total 2 points per game.
10. Since 60% of games end in wins and 40% in draws, average points per game is:
$$0.6 \times 3 + 0.4 \times 2 = 1.8 + 0.8 = 2.6$$
11. Total points in the league:
$$\text{Total games} \times 2.6 = \frac{N(N-1)}{2} \times 2.6 = 1.3 N (N-1)$$
12. Points in games among the 10 weakest teams:
$$45 \times 2.6 = 117$$
13. Points in games among strong teams:
$$\frac{(N-10)(N-11)}{2} \times 2.6 = 1.3 (N-10)(N-11)$$
14. Points in games between strong and weak teams:
$$10 (N-10) \times 2.6 = 26 (N-10)$$
15. Each weak team earns 75% of its points from games against the other 9 weak teams. Since there are 10 weak teams, total points earned by weak teams in their internal games is 75% of their total points.
16. Let $P_w$ be total points earned by weak teams, $P_s$ by strong teams. Then:
$$P_w = \text{points weak teams earn in weak-weak games} + \text{points weak teams earn in weak-strong games}$$
17. From the problem, weak teams earn 75% of their points in weak-weak games, so:
$$\text{points weak teams in weak-weak games} = 0.75 P_w$$
18. Since total points in weak-weak games is 117, and weak teams earn all these points (because both teams are weak),
$$0.75 P_w = 117 \implies P_w = \frac{117}{0.75} = 156$$
19. Similarly, strong teams earn 75% of their points in games against the 10 weakest teams, and 25% in games against other strong teams.
20. Let $P_s$ be total points of strong teams. Points strong teams earn in strong-weak games is 75% of $P_s$:
$$0.75 P_s = \text{points strong teams earn in strong-weak games}$$
21. Total points in strong-weak games is $26 (N-10)$, split between strong and weak teams. Since weak teams earn 25% of their points in strong-weak games, and strong teams earn 75% of their points in strong-weak games, the points in strong-weak games are split accordingly.
22. Points weak teams earn in strong-weak games:
$$P_w^{sw} = 0.25 P_w = 0.25 \times 156 = 39$$
23. Points strong teams earn in strong-weak games:
$$P_s^{sw} = 0.75 P_s$$
24. Since total points in strong-weak games is $26 (N-10)$, and these points are split between weak and strong teams:
$$P_w^{sw} + P_s^{sw} = 26 (N-10)$$
Substitute values:
$$39 + 0.75 P_s = 26 (N-10)$$
25. Points strong teams earn in strong-strong games is 25% of $P_s$:
$$P_s^{ss} = 0.25 P_s$$
26. Total points in strong-strong games is:
$$1.3 (N-10)(N-11)$$
Since strong teams earn all points in strong-strong games:
$$P_s^{ss} = 1.3 (N-10)(N-11)$$
27. Equate:
$$0.25 P_s = 1.3 (N-10)(N-11) \implies P_s = 5.2 (N-10)(N-11)$$
28. Substitute $P_s$ into equation from step 24:
$$39 + 0.75 \times 5.2 (N-10)(N-11) = 26 (N-10)$$
Simplify:
$$39 + 3.9 (N-10)(N-11) = 26 (N-10)$$
29. Rearrange:
$$3.9 (N-10)(N-11) - 26 (N-10) + 39 = 0$$
30. Factor out $(N-10)$:
$$(N-10)(3.9 (N-11) - 26) + 39 = 0$$
31. Simplify inside parentheses:
$$3.9 N - 42.9 - 26 = 3.9 N - 68.9$$
So:
$$(N-10)(3.9 N - 68.9) + 39 = 0$$
32. Expand:
$$3.9 N^2 - 68.9 N - 39 N + 689 + 39 = 0$$
Combine terms:
$$3.9 N^2 - 107.9 N + 728 = 0$$
33. Solve quadratic equation:
$$3.9 N^2 - 107.9 N + 728 = 0$$
Divide entire equation by 3.9:
$$N^2 - 27.6667 N + 186.6667 = 0$$
34. Use quadratic formula:
$$N = \frac{27.6667 \pm \sqrt{27.6667^2 - 4 \times 186.6667}}{2}$$
Calculate discriminant:
$$27.6667^2 = 765.4449$$
$$4 \times 186.6667 = 746.6668$$
$$\sqrt{765.4449 - 746.6668} = \sqrt{18.7781} \approx 4.334$$
35. Calculate roots:
$$N_1 = \frac{27.6667 + 4.334}{2} = \frac{32}{2} = 16$$
$$N_2 = \frac{27.6667 - 4.334}{2} = \frac{23.333}{2} = 11.6665$$
36. Since $N$ must be an integer and greater than 10 (because there are 10 weak teams), the total number of teams is:
$$\boxed{16}$$
Football League 72Ca43
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