1. The problem is to express the series $1 - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{16} - \frac{1}{32} + \frac{1}{64}$ as a summation.
2. This is a geometric series where the first term $a = 1$ and the common ratio $r = -\frac{1}{2}$.
3. The general form of a geometric series is:
$$ S_n = a + ar + ar^2 + ar^3 + \cdots + ar^{n-1} = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} ar^k $$
4. Here, $a = 1$, $r = -\frac{1}{2}$, and the number of terms $n = 7$ (since there are 7 terms).
5. Therefore, the summation form is:
$$ \sum_{k=0}^{6} \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^k $$
6. This summation represents the original series exactly.
7. To find the sum, use the formula for the sum of the first $n$ terms of a geometric series:
$$ S_n = a \frac{1-r^n}{1-r} $$
8. Substitute the values:
$$ S_7 = 1 \times \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^7}{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)} = \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^7}{1 + \frac{1}{2}} = \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^7}{\frac{3}{2}} $$
9. Calculate $\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^7 = -\frac{1}{128}$.
10. Substitute back:
$$ S_7 = \frac{1 - \left(-\frac{1}{128}\right)}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{1 + \frac{1}{128}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{\frac{128}{128} + \frac{1}{128}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{\frac{129}{128}}{\frac{3}{2}} $$
11. Simplify the division:
$$ S_7 = \frac{129}{128} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{258}{384} = \frac{43}{64} $$
12. Final answer:
$$ \sum_{k=0}^{6} \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^k = \frac{43}{64} $$
Geometric Summation
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