1. **Problem statement:** We are asked to calculate the differences and sums of integers using the subtraction rules given: subtracting a number is the same as adding its opposite. 2. **Rule used:** Subtraction of integers can be rewritten as addition of the opposite number: $$a - b = a + (-b)$$ 3. **Calculate the first expression:** $$ (8) - (-8) = 8 + 8 = 16 $$ 4. **Calculate the second expression:** $$ (+11) - (+13) = 11 + (-13) = 11 - 13 = -2 $$ 5. **Calculate the third expression:** $$ (+3) - (+11) = 3 + (-11) = 3 - 11 = -8 $$ 6. **Calculate the fourth expression:** $$ (-8) + (-8) = -8 - 8 = -16 $$ 7. **Calculate the fifth expression:** $$ (-11) - (-8) = -11 + 8 = -3 $$ 8. **Calculate the sixth expression:** $$ (+8) - (-3) = 8 + 3 = 11 $$ 9. **Calculate the seventh expression:** $$ (-17) - (-6) = -17 + 6 = -11 $$ 10. **Calculate the eighth expression:** $$ (+4) - (-11) = 4 + 11 = 15 $$ 11. **Calculate the ninth expression:** $$ (-28) - (-18) = -28 + 18 = -10 $$ 12. **Calculate the tenth expression:** $$ (-15) - (-8) = -15 + 8 = -7 $$ 13. **Calculate the eleventh expression:** $$ (-18) - (+8) = -18 + (-8) = -26 $$ 14. **Calculate the twelfth expression:** $$ (-21) - (-12) = -21 + 12 = -9 $$ 15. **Calculate the thirteenth expression:** $$ (+12) - (+8) = 12 + (-8) = 4 $$ 16. **Calculate the fourteenth expression:** $$ (-19) - (-7) = -19 + 7 = -12 $$ 17. **Calculate the fifteenth expression:** $$ (-2) - (+14) = -2 + (-14) = -16 $$ 18. **Calculate the sixteenth expression:** $$ (-7) + (-18) = -7 - 18 = -25 $$ 19. **Calculate the seventeenth expression:** $$ (-21) - (-18) = -21 + 18 = -3 $$ 20. **Calculate the eighteenth expression:** $$ (+80) - (-13) = 80 + 13 = 93 $$ 21. **Calculate the nineteenth expression:** $$ (-27) + (+16) = -27 + 16 = -11 $$ 22. **Calculate the twentieth expression:** $$ (+40) - (-11) = 40 + 11 = 51 $$ 23. **Calculate the twenty-first expression:** $$ (-52) - (-38) = -52 + 38 = -14 $$ --- **Summary of first table answers:** A: 16, -16, -11, -7, 4, -25, -11 B: -2, -3, 15, -26, -12, -3, 51 C: -8, 11, -10, -9, -16, 93, -14 24. **Second table: Find missing addends to make true statements:** - For $(-9) + x = -13$, solve $x = -13 - (-9) = -13 + 9 = -4$ - For $(-5) + x = -18$, solve $x = -18 - (-5) = -18 + 5 = -13$ - For $(-20) + x = -18$, solve $x = -18 - (-20) = -18 + 20 = 2$ - For $(+12) + x = -16$, solve $x = -16 - 12 = -28$ - For $x + (+12) = -16$, solve $x = -16 - 12 = -28$ - For $(+32) + x = -11$, solve $x = -11 - 32 = -43$ - For $(-7) + x = -17$, solve $x = -17 - (-7) = -17 + 7 = -10$ - For $x + (-25) = -17$, solve $x = -17 - (-25) = -17 + 25 = 8$ - For $(-17) + x = -12$, solve $x = -12 - (-17) = -12 + 17 = 5$ - For $(-15) + x = +15$, solve $x = 15 - (-15) = 15 + 15 = 30$ - For $(-35) + x = +10$, solve $x = 10 - (-35) = 10 + 35 = 45$ - For $(-13) + x = +15$, solve $x = 15 - (-13) = 15 + 13 = 28$ - For $(-6) + x = +26$, solve $x = 26 - (-6) = 26 + 6 = 32$ - For $x + (-60) = +26$, solve $x = 26 - (-60) = 26 + 60 = 86$ - For $(-21) + x = -26$, solve $x = -26 - (-21) = -26 + 21 = -5$ --- **Summary of second table missing values:** A: -4, -13, 2, -28, -28, -43, -10, 8, 5, 30, 45, 28, 32, 86, -5