1. **Problem Statement:** Solve the following addition and subtraction problems involving negative numbers. 2. **Important Rules:** - Adding a negative number is the same as subtracting its positive counterpart. - Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding its positive counterpart. 3. **Step-by-step Solutions:** - $-12 + -7 = -12 - 7 = -19$ - $5 - +6 = 5 - 6 = -1$ - $-10 - -5 = -10 + 5 = -5$ - $8 - -10 = 8 + 10 = 18$ - $19 + -4 = 19 - 4 = 15$ - $-3 - -3 = -3 + 3 = 0$ - $-14 - +1 = -14 - 1 = -15$ - $-3 - -17 = -3 + 17 = 14$ - $18 - +1 = 18 - 1 = 17$ - $8 - +16 = 8 - 16 = -8$ 4. **Additional Problem:** Start with 5, add -9, then take away -5. - First, $5 + (-9) = 5 - 9 = -4$ - Then, $-4 - (-5) = -4 + 5 = 1$ **Final answer:** 1 All answers: -19, -1, -5, 18, 15, 0, -15, 14, 17, -8, 1