1. **State the problem:** We need to find what percent of 125 is 50.
2. **Formula:** The percent $P$ of a number $A$ that equals another number $B$ is given by:
$$P = \frac{B}{A} \times 100$$
3. **Apply the formula:** Here, $A = 125$ and $B = 50$.
$$P = \frac{50}{125} \times 100$$
4. **Simplify the fraction:**
$$P = \frac{\cancel{50}}{\cancel{125}} \times 100 = \frac{2}{5} \times 100$$
5. **Calculate the percent:**
$$P = 0.4 \times 100 = 40$$
6. **Answer:** 50 is 40 percent of 125.
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