1. **State the problem:** We want to find the values of $x \in \mathbb{R}$ for which the series $$\sum_{k=2}^\infty \left(\frac{x+3}{2}\right)^k$$ converges, and then find the sum of the series for those values.
2. **Recall the formula and rules:** This is a geometric series with common ratio $$r = \frac{x+3}{2}$$ starting from $k=2$. A geometric series $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty r^k$$ converges if and only if $$|r| < 1$$, and its sum is $$\frac{1}{1-r}$$.
3. **Apply convergence condition:** For our series starting at $k=2$, the convergence condition is still $$|r| < 1$$, so
$$\left|\frac{x+3}{2}\right| < 1$$
Multiply both sides by 2:
$$|x+3| < 2$$
This inequality means
$$-2 < x+3 < 2$$
Subtract 3 from all parts:
$$-5 < x < -1$$
So the series converges for $$x \in (-5, -1)$$.
4. **Find the sum of the series:** The series starts at $k=2$, so
$$\sum_{k=2}^\infty r^k = \sum_{k=0}^\infty r^k - r^0 - r^1 = \frac{1}{1-r} - 1 - r$$
Substitute $$r = \frac{x+3}{2}$$:
$$S = \frac{1}{1 - \frac{x+3}{2}} - 1 - \frac{x+3}{2}$$
Simplify the denominator:
$$1 - \frac{x+3}{2} = \frac{2 - (x+3)}{2} = \frac{-x -1}{2}$$
So
$$S = \frac{1}{\frac{-x -1}{2}} - 1 - \frac{x+3}{2} = \frac{2}{-x -1} - 1 - \frac{x+3}{2}$$
Rewrite:
$$S = \frac{2}{-x -1} - 1 - \frac{x+3}{2}$$
Find a common denominator 2 for the last two terms:
$$S = \frac{2}{-x -1} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{x+3}{2} = \frac{2}{-x -1} - \frac{2 + x + 3}{2} = \frac{2}{-x -1} - \frac{x + 5}{2}$$
Thus,
$$\boxed{\text{The series converges for } x \in (-5, -1) \text{ and its sum is } S = \frac{2}{-x -1} - \frac{x + 5}{2}}$$
Series Convergence Aa74E9
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