1. **Problem Statement:**
Prove by mathematical induction that for all integers $n \geq 2$,
$$\frac{3}{4} + \frac{5}{36} + \cdots + \frac{2n - 1}{n^2 (n-1)^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{n^2}.$$
2. **Base Case ($n=2$):**
Calculate the left side for $n=2$:
$$\frac{2(2)-1}{2^2 (2-1)^2} = \frac{3}{4}.$$
Calculate the right side for $n=2$:
$$1 - \frac{1}{2^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}.$$
Since both sides equal $\frac{3}{4}$, the base case holds.
3. **Inductive Hypothesis:**
Assume the formula holds for some $k \geq 2$:
$$\sum_{n=2}^k \frac{2n - 1}{n^2 (n-1)^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{k^2}.$$
4. **Inductive Step:**
We need to prove it holds for $k+1$:
$$\sum_{n=2}^{k+1} \frac{2n - 1}{n^2 (n-1)^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{(k+1)^2}.$$
Start with the left side:
$$\sum_{n=2}^k \frac{2n - 1}{n^2 (n-1)^2} + \frac{2(k+1) - 1}{(k+1)^2 k^2}.$$
By the inductive hypothesis, this equals:
$$1 - \frac{1}{k^2} + \frac{2k + 1}{(k+1)^2 k^2}.$$
5. **Simplify the expression:**
Combine the terms:
$$1 - \frac{1}{k^2} + \frac{2k + 1}{(k+1)^2 k^2} = 1 + \frac{- (k+1)^2 + 2k + 1}{(k+1)^2 k^2}.$$
Expand $-(k+1)^2$:
$$-(k^2 + 2k + 1) = -k^2 - 2k - 1.$$
So numerator becomes:
$$-k^2 - 2k - 1 + 2k + 1 = -k^2.$$
Therefore:
$$1 + \frac{-k^2}{(k+1)^2 k^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{(k+1)^2}.$$
6. **Conclusion:**
The formula holds for $k+1$ if it holds for $k$. Since the base case is true, by mathematical induction, the formula is true for all integers $n \geq 2$.
**Final answer:**
$$\sum_{n=2}^n \frac{2n - 1}{n^2 (n-1)^2} = 1 - \frac{1}{n^2}.$$
Series Induction C5E9E0
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