1. The problem is to find the square root of a number $n$, which means finding a number $x$ such that $x^2 = n$. 2. The formula for the square root is $x = \sqrt{n}$. 3. Important rule: The square root of a number $n$ is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives $n$. 4. To find $\sqrt{n}$, you can use methods like prime factorization, estimation, or a calculator for exact values. 5. For example, if $n = 16$, then $\sqrt{16} = 4$ because $4^2 = 16$. 6. If $n$ is not a perfect square, the square root will be an irrational number, which can be approximated. 7. Thus, the square root of $n$ is $\sqrt{n}$, the number which satisfies $x^2 = n$.