1. The problem is to subtract two two-digit numbers in each of the three subtraction problems. 2. The subtraction operation is straightforward: subtract the bottom number from the top number. 3. For the first problem: $19 6 - 17 3$ - Subtract the units: $6 - 3 = 3$ - Subtract the tens: $19 - 17 = 2$ - So, $19 6 - 17 3 = 23$ 4. For the second problem: $20 15 8 - 13 8$ - This looks like a formatting issue, assuming it means $20 15 - 8 - 13 8$ or $20158 - 138$ - If it is $20158 - 138$, subtract: $$20158 - 138 = 20020$$ 5. For the third problem: $13 3 - 7 1$ - Subtract the units: $3 - 1 = 2$ - Subtract the tens: $13 - 7 = 6$ - So, $13 3 - 7 1 = 62$ Final answers: - $196 - 173 = 23$ - $20158 - 138 = 20020$ - $133 - 71 = 62$