1. The problem: Identify which meristem causes the girth of the stem to increase. The girth (thickness) of the stem increases due to the activity of the lateral meristem. 2. The problem: Define the process by which meristematic cells take on permanent shape, size, and function. This process is called differentiation. 3. The problem: Find the false sentence among the given options. - a) True: Golgi apparatus is involved in lysosome formation. - b) False: Nucleus, mitochondria, and plastids have DNA but cannot make their own structural proteins independently. - c) True: Mitochondria generate ATP, so they are called the powerhouse of the cell. - d) False: Cytoplasm is not called protoplasm; protoplasm includes cytoplasm and nucleus. 4. The problem: Identify the tissue that helps in sideways conduction of water in branches. Xylem parenchyma helps in lateral conduction of water. 5. The problem: Who stated "The cell arises from a pre-existing cell"? This was stated by Virchow. 6. The problem: Answer the assertion-reason questions. 32. Assertion: Plant cells have very large vacuoles. Reason: Vacuoles are full of cell sap. Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 33. Assertion: Most plant tissues are dead. Reason: Dead cells provide mechanical strength due to secondary growth. Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 34. Assertion: Due to secondary existence, dead cells provide mechanical strength. Reason: They live, grow and need less maintenance. Answer: d) A is false but R is true. Final answers: 27. b) lateral meristem 28. b) Differentiation 29. b) and d) are false 30. b) xylem parenchyma 31. b) Virchow 32. a) 33. a) 34. d)