Subjects calculus

Arc Length C5E0Bf

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1. **State the problem:** Find the arc length of the curve given by $$y = \frac{x^3}{6} + \frac{1}{2x}$$ on the interval $$\left[\frac{1}{2}, 2\right]$$. 2. **Formula for arc length:** The arc length $$L$$ of a curve $$y=f(x)$$ from $$x=a$$ to $$x=b$$ is given by $$ L = \int_a^b \sqrt{1 + \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} \, dx $$ 3. **Find the derivative $$\frac{dy}{dx}$$:** $$ y = \frac{x^3}{6} + \frac{1}{2x} = \frac{x^3}{6} + \frac{1}{2}x^{-1} $$ Differentiate term-by-term: $$ \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3x^2}{6} - \frac{1}{2}x^{-2} = \frac{x^2}{2} - \frac{1}{2x^2} $$ 4. **Square the derivative:** $$ \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{x^2}{2} - \frac{1}{2x^2}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{x^2}{2}\right)^2 - 2 \cdot \frac{x^2}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2x^2} + \left(\frac{1}{2x^2}\right)^2 $$ $$ = \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4x^4} $$ 5. **Add 1 inside the square root:** $$ 1 + \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2 = 1 + \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4x^4} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{x^4}{4} + \frac{1}{4x^4} $$ 6. **Rewrite the expression inside the root:** $$ \frac{1}{2} + \frac{x^4}{4} + \frac{1}{4x^4} = \frac{2}{4} + \frac{x^4}{4} + \frac{1}{4x^4} = \frac{x^4 + 2 + \frac{1}{x^4}}{4} $$ 7. **Recognize a perfect square:** $$ x^4 + 2 + \frac{1}{x^4} = \left(x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2 $$ 8. **So the integrand simplifies to:** $$ \sqrt{1 + \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} = \sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2}{4}} = \frac{1}{2} \left| x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} \right| $$ Since $$x$$ is in $$\left[\frac{1}{2}, 2\right]$$ and positive, absolute value is not needed: $$ = \frac{1}{2} \left(x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}\right) $$ 9. **Set up the integral for arc length:** $$ L = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{1}{2} \left(x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}\right) dx = \frac{1}{2} \int_{1/2}^2 \left(x^2 + x^{-2}\right) dx $$ 10. **Integrate term-by-term:** $$ \int x^2 dx = \frac{x^3}{3}, \quad \int x^{-2} dx = -\frac{1}{x} $$ 11. **Evaluate the definite integral:** $$ L = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{x^3}{3} - \frac{1}{x} \right]_{1/2}^2 = \frac{1}{2} \left( \left(\frac{2^3}{3} - \frac{1}{2}\right) - \left(\frac{(1/2)^3}{3} - \frac{1}{1/2}\right) \right) $$ Calculate each term: $$ \frac{2^3}{3} = \frac{8}{3}, \quad -\frac{1}{2} = -\frac{1}{2} $$ $$ \frac{(1/2)^3}{3} = \frac{1/8}{3} = \frac{1}{24}, \quad -\frac{1}{1/2} = -2 $$ So: $$ L = \frac{1}{2} \left( \left(\frac{8}{3} - \frac{1}{2}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{24} - 2\right) \right) = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{8}{3} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{24} + 2 \right) $$ 12. **Find common denominator 24:** $$ \frac{8}{3} = \frac{64}{24}, \quad \frac{1}{2} = \frac{12}{24}, \quad 2 = \frac{48}{24} $$ Sum inside parentheses: $$ \frac{64}{24} - \frac{12}{24} - \frac{1}{24} + \frac{48}{24} = \frac{64 - 12 - 1 + 48}{24} = \frac{99}{24} $$ 13. **Multiply by $$\frac{1}{2}$$:** $$ L = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{99}{24} = \frac{99}{48} = 2.0625 $$ 14. **Round to nearest thousandth:** $$ L \approx 2.063 $$ **Final answer:** The arc length of the curve on $$\left[\frac{1}{2}, 2\right]$$ is approximately $$2.063$$.