1. **State the problem:** Find the total area of the region bounded by the curve $f(x) = \sqrt{x^2 - 2x - 4}$, the x-axis, and the vertical lines $x=2$ and $x=10$. The zero of the function near $x=5$ must be found and rounded to 4 decimals.
2. **Find the zero of the function:** Solve $x^2 - 2x - 4 = 0$ because the square root is zero when the inside is zero.
3. Use the quadratic formula:
$$x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{(-2)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-4)}}{2} = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{4 + 16}}{2} = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{20}}{2}$$
4. Simplify:
$$x = \frac{2 \pm 2\sqrt{5}}{2} = 1 \pm \sqrt{5}$$
5. Calculate the roots:
$$1 - \sqrt{5} \approx 1 - 2.2361 = -1.2361$$
$$1 + \sqrt{5} \approx 1 + 2.2361 = 3.2361$$
6. The zero near $x=5$ mentioned is actually $x \approx 3.2361$ (rounded to 4 decimals).
7. **Determine the domain of $f(x)$:** The expression inside the root must be non-negative:
$$x^2 - 2x - 4 \geq 0$$
8. The parabola opens upward, so $f(x)$ is real for $x \leq -1.2361$ or $x \geq 3.2361$.
9. Since the interval is $[2,10]$, the function is defined only for $x \geq 3.2361$ in this interval.
10. **Set up the integral for the total area:** The function is zero between $2$ and $3.2361$ (since inside root is negative), so the area from $2$ to $3.2361$ is zero.
11. The total area is the integral of $f(x)$ from $3.2361$ to $10$:
$$\text{Area} = \int_{3.2361}^{10} \sqrt{x^2 - 2x - 4} \, dx$$
12. **Simplify the integrand:** Complete the square inside the root:
$$x^2 - 2x - 4 = (x^2 - 2x + 1) - 1 - 4 = (x - 1)^2 - 5$$
13. So the integral becomes:
$$\int_{3.2361}^{10} \sqrt{(x - 1)^2 - 5} \, dx$$
14. **Use substitution:** Let $t = x - 1$, then when $x=3.2361$, $t=2.2361$, and when $x=10$, $t=9$.
15. The integral is:
$$\int_{2.2361}^{9} \sqrt{t^2 - 5} \, dt$$
16. **Integral formula:**
$$\int \sqrt{t^2 - a^2} \, dt = \frac{t}{2} \sqrt{t^2 - a^2} - \frac{a^2}{2} \ln \left| t + \sqrt{t^2 - a^2} \right| + C$$
where $a^2 = 5$.
17. **Evaluate the definite integral:**
$$\left[ \frac{t}{2} \sqrt{t^2 - 5} - \frac{5}{2} \ln \left| t + \sqrt{t^2 - 5} \right| \right]_{2.2361}^{9}$$
18. Calculate at $t=9$:
$$\frac{9}{2} \sqrt{81 - 5} - \frac{5}{2} \ln(9 + \sqrt{76}) = 4.5 \times \sqrt{76} - 2.5 \ln(9 + 8.7178)$$
$$= 4.5 \times 8.7178 - 2.5 \ln(17.7178) = 39.2301 - 2.5 \times 2.875 = 39.2301 - 7.1875 = 32.0426$$
19. Calculate at $t=2.2361$:
$$\frac{2.2361}{2} \sqrt{(2.2361)^2 - 5} - \frac{5}{2} \ln \left| 2.2361 + \sqrt{(2.2361)^2 - 5} \right|$$
Note that $(2.2361)^2 = 5.0000$ approximately, so inside the root is $5 - 5 = 0$.
So the first term is:
$$\frac{2.2361}{2} \times 0 = 0$$
The logarithm term:
$$\ln(2.2361 + 0) = \ln(2.2361) = 0.805$$
So the second term is:
$$- \frac{5}{2} \times 0.805 = -2.0125$$
20. The value at $t=2.2361$ is:
$$0 - 2.0125 = -2.0125$$
21. **Subtract to find the area:**
$$32.0426 - (-2.0125) = 32.0426 + 2.0125 = 34.0551$$
22. **Round to the nearest thousandth:**
$$\boxed{34.055}$$
**Final answer:** The total area of the red region is approximately **34.055**.
Area Square Root 062A9A
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