1. **State the problem:** Evaluate the improper integral $$\int_{-\infty}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx$$ and determine if it converges or diverges.
2. **Rewrite the integral using a limit:** Since the lower limit is $-\infty$, write
$$\int_{-\infty}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx = \lim_{b \to -\infty} \int_{b}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx.$$ Note the limit is as $b \to -\infty$ (not $\infty$).
3. **Substitution:** Let
$$u = 4 - x \implies du = -dx \implies dx = -du.$$ When $x = b$, $u = 4 - b$; when $x=0$, $u=4$.
4. **Change the integral in terms of $u$:**
$$\int_{b}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx = \int_{u=4-b}^{4} u^{-1/4} (-du) = \int_{4}^{4-b} u^{-1/4} \, du.$$ We reversed limits because of the negative sign.
5. **Integrate:**
$$\int u^{-1/4} \, du = \frac{u^{3/4}}{3/4} = \frac{4}{3} u^{3/4}.$$ So,
$$\int_{4}^{4-b} u^{-1/4} \, du = \left. \frac{4}{3} u^{3/4} \right|_{4}^{4-b} = \frac{4}{3} \left( (4-b)^{3/4} - 4^{3/4} \right).$$
6. **Evaluate the limit:** As $b \to -\infty$, $4 - b \to \infty$, so
$$\lim_{b \to -\infty} (4-b)^{3/4} = \infty.$$ Therefore,
$$\lim_{b \to -\infty} \int_{b}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx = \lim_{b \to -\infty} \frac{4}{3} \left( (4-b)^{3/4} - 4^{3/4} \right) = \infty.$$
7. **Conclusion:** The integral diverges to infinity.
**Final answer:** $$\int_{-\infty}^{0} \frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4-x}} \, dx = \infty.$$
Improper Integral 57Be1B
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