1. **State the problem:** We need to evaluate the integral $$\int \frac{\sqrt{x} - x + 5}{x^4} \, dx$$.
2. **Rewrite the integrand:** Express all terms with powers of $x$ to simplify integration.
Recall that $\sqrt{x} = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$.
So,
$$\frac{\sqrt{x} - x + 5}{x^4} = \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^4} - \frac{x}{x^4} + \frac{5}{x^4} = x^{\frac{1}{2} - 4} - x^{1 - 4} + 5x^{-4} = x^{-\frac{7}{2}} - x^{-3} + 5x^{-4}.$$
3. **Set up the integral with simplified terms:**
$$\int \left(x^{-\frac{7}{2}} - x^{-3} + 5x^{-4}\right) dx = \int x^{-\frac{7}{2}} dx - \int x^{-3} dx + 5 \int x^{-4} dx.$$
4. **Recall the power rule for integration:**
For $\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$, provided $n \neq -1$.
5. **Integrate each term:**
- For $\int x^{-\frac{7}{2}} dx$:
$$n = -\frac{7}{2}, \quad n+1 = -\frac{7}{2} + 1 = -\frac{5}{2}.$$
So,
$$\int x^{-\frac{7}{2}} dx = \frac{x^{-\frac{5}{2}}}{-\frac{5}{2}} = -\frac{2}{5} x^{-\frac{5}{2}}.$$
- For $\int x^{-3} dx$:
$$n = -3, \quad n+1 = -2.$$
So,
$$\int x^{-3} dx = \frac{x^{-2}}{-2} = -\frac{1}{2} x^{-2}.$$
- For $5 \int x^{-4} dx$:
$$n = -4, \quad n+1 = -3.$$
So,
$$5 \int x^{-4} dx = 5 \cdot \frac{x^{-3}}{-3} = -\frac{5}{3} x^{-3}.$$
6. **Combine all results:**
$$\int \frac{\sqrt{x} - x + 5}{x^4} dx = -\frac{2}{5} x^{-\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{1}{2} x^{-2} - \frac{5}{3} x^{-3} + C.$$
7. **Final answer:**
$$\boxed{-\frac{2}{5} x^{-\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{1}{2} x^{-2} - \frac{5}{3} x^{-3} + C}.$$
Integral Rational Powers D12219
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