1. **Problem 1: Hermione's Trait and Adoption Suspicion** Hermione's parents are both Muggles with genotype Mm (dominant trait M for muggle, recessive m for witch). Hermione's genotype is mm (witch). We use a Punnett square to check if mm is possible from Mm x Mm. 2. **Punnett Square Setup:** Parents: Mm x Mm Possible gametes: M or m from each parent. 3. **Punnett Square:** $$\begin{array}{c|cc} & M & m \\ \hline M & MM & Mm \\ m & Mm & mm \\ \end{array}$$ 4. **Interpretation:** Genotypes from parents: 1 MM, 2 Mm, 1 mm. Phenotypes: 3 Muggle (MM or Mm), 1 Witch (mm). 5. **Conclusion:** Hermione's mm genotype is possible from Mm x Mm parents, so she is not necessarily adopted. 1. **Problem 2: Draco's Widow's Peak Probability** Draco's dad: WW (homozygous dominant), mom: Ww (heterozygous). 2. **Punnett Square Setup:** Parents: WW x Ww Gametes: Dad W only, Mom W or w. 3. **Punnett Square:** $$\begin{array}{c|cc} & W & w \\ \hline W & WW & Ww \\ W & WW & Ww \\ \end{array}$$ 4. **Interpretation:** Genotypes: 2 WW, 2 Ww. Phenotypes: All have widow's peak (W dominant). 5. **Conclusion:** Chance child has widow's peak = 100%. 1. **Problem 3: Harry's Eye Color Probability** Blue eyes recessive: bb. Harry's dad: Bb (heterozygous brown eyes). Harry's mom: bb (blue eyes). 2. **Punnett Square Setup:** Parents: Bb x bb Gametes: Dad B or b, Mom b only. 3. **Punnett Square:** $$\begin{array}{c|cc} & b & b \\ \hline B & Bb & Bb \\ b & bb & bb \\ \end{array}$$ 4. **Interpretation:** Genotypes: 2 Bb (brown eyes), 2 bb (blue eyes). Phenotypes: 50% brown eyes, 50% blue eyes. 5. **Conclusion:** Chance Harry has blue eyes (bb) = 50%. 1. **Problem 4: Ron's Red Hair Family** Red hair is recessive (rr), brown hair dominant (R). All family members have red hair, so genotype must be rr. 2. **Punnett Square Setup:** Parents: rr x rr Gametes: r only. 3. **Punnett Square:** $$\begin{array}{c|cc} & r & r \\ \hline r & rr & rr \\ r & rr & rr \\ \end{array}$$ 4. **Interpretation:** All offspring rr, all have red hair. 5. **Conclusion:** All children have red hair because both parents are homozygous recessive.