1. **Stating the problem:** We have a tetrahedron with edges labeled in terms of $a$ and constants. We need to find the value of $a$ given the edge lengths.
2. **Understanding the figure and given lengths:** The edges from the base to the apex are $2\sqrt{a}$. The base has a side length of 4, and an internal segment labeled $2\sqrt{3}$. Another internal edge is labeled 2.
3. **Using the Pythagorean theorem:** Since the apex edges are $2\sqrt{a}$ and the base side is 4, we can consider a right triangle formed by half the base side, the height from the apex to the base, and the edge $2\sqrt{a}$.
4. **Calculate half the base side:** Half of 4 is 2.
5. **Set up the Pythagorean relation:** Let the height from the apex to the base be $h$. Then,
$$ (2\sqrt{a})^2 = h^2 + 2^2 $$
6. **Simplify:**
$$ 4a = h^2 + 4 $$
7. **Use the internal segment $2\sqrt{3}$ to find $h$:** This segment likely represents the height $h$ or relates to it. Assuming $h = 2\sqrt{3}$,
8. **Substitute $h$ into the equation:**
$$ 4a = (2\sqrt{3})^2 + 4 = 4 \times 3 + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16 $$
9. **Solve for $a$:**
$$ a = \frac{16}{4} = 4 $$
**Final answer:**
$$ a = 4 $$
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