1. **Problem Statement:** Identify and analyze the forces acting on the book and the hand holding it. 2. **Part (a): Forces on the book** - The forces acting on the book are those exerted by objects outside the book. - The correct forces are: - Hand on book (force exerted by your hand on the book, upward) - Earth on book (gravity pulling the book downward) 3. **Part (b): Directions of forces on the book** - Hand on book: upward (supports the book against gravity) - Earth on book: downward (gravity) 4. **Part (c): Forces on the hand** - Forces acting on the hand come from objects outside the hand. - The correct forces are: - Book on hand (the book pushes down on the hand) - Earth on hand (gravity pulling the hand downward) 5. **Part (d): Directions of forces on the hand** - Book on hand: downward (weight of the book pressing on the hand) - Earth on hand: downward (gravity) 6. **Summary:** - The hand exerts an upward force on the book. - The book exerts a downward force on the hand. - Gravity acts downward on both the book and the hand. This analysis follows Newton's third law and the concept of action-reaction forces.