1. The problem asks to state another term for "quantity of motion." The answer is momentum. 2. The two factors used to determine the momentum of an object are mass and velocity. 3. Calculate the momentum of a 40.0-kg wagon moving 1.90 m/s[N]. Momentum formula: $$p = m \times v$$ Given: $$m = 40.0\,\text{kg}, v = 1.90\,\text{m/s[N]}$$ Calculation: $$p = 40.0 \times 1.90 = 76.0\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s[N]}$$ 4. A 0.170-kg hockey puck slides with momentum 1.60 kg·m/s[E]. Find velocity. Formula: $$p = m \times v \Rightarrow v = \frac{p}{m}$$ Given: $$p = 1.60\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s[E]}, m = 0.170\,\text{kg}$$ Calculation: $$v = \frac{1.60}{0.170} = \frac{\cancel{1.60}}{\cancel{0.170}} \approx 9.41\,\text{m/s[E]}$$ 5. Calculate mass of billiard ball with momentum 0.320 kg·m/s[N] and velocity 2.0 m/s[N]. Formula: $$p = m \times v \Rightarrow m = \frac{p}{v}$$ Given: $$p = 0.320, v = 2.0$$ Calculation: $$m = \frac{0.320}{2.0} = \frac{\cancel{0.320}}{\cancel{2.0}} = 0.16\,\text{kg}$$ 6. Vehicle mass 40,000 kg traveling 80.0 km/h[S]. Calculate momentum in kg·m/s. Convert velocity to m/s: $$80.0\,\text{km/h} = 80.0 \times \frac{1000}{3600} = 22.22\,\text{m/s}$$ Momentum: $$p = m \times v = 40000 \times 22.22 = 888800\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s[S]}$$ 7.a.i. The marble's mass alone cannot explain the ability to move the cup because momentum depends on both mass and velocity. 7.a.ii. The marble's velocity alone cannot explain it because a small mass with high velocity or large mass with low velocity affects momentum differently. 7.b.i. Inertia is the resistance of the marbles to change in motion. 7.b.ii. Momentum is the quantity of motion the marbles have, combining mass and velocity. 7.c. The marbles demonstrate momentum by transferring motion to the cup, causing it to move. 8. If the rock and person have the same momentum, the rock will hit the person because momentum depends on both mass and velocity; equal momentum means the rock has enough motion to impact. Final answers: 3. $$76.0\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s[N]}$$ 4. $$9.41\,\text{m/s[E]}$$ 5. $$0.16\,\text{kg}$$ 6. $$888800\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s[S]}$$