1. **State the problem:** We want to find the probability that a randomly selected person either does not have a dog or does not walk daily. 2. **Identify the events:** - Let $D$ be the event "has a dog". - Let $W$ be the event "walks daily". We want $P(\text{not } D \text{ or not } W) = P(D^c \cup W^c)$. 3. **Use the formula for union of events:** $$P(D^c \cup W^c) = 1 - P(D \cap W)$$ where $D \cap W$ is the event "has a dog and walks daily". 4. **Calculate total number of people surveyed:** $$\text{Total} = 78 + 52 + 43 + 62 = 235$$ 5. **Calculate $P(D \cap W)$:** Number who have a dog and walk daily = 78 $$P(D \cap W) = \frac{78}{235}$$ 6. **Calculate $P(D^c \cup W^c)$:** $$P(D^c \cup W^c) = 1 - P(D \cap W) = 1 - \frac{78}{235} = \frac{235 - 78}{235} = \frac{157}{235}$$ 7. **Simplify fraction if possible:** $$\frac{157}{235}$$ 157 and 235 share no common factors other than 1, so fraction is in simplest form. **Final answer:** $$\boxed{\frac{157}{235}}$$ This means the probability that a randomly selected person does not have a dog or does not walk daily is $\frac{157}{235}$.