1. The problem is to understand the meaning of "favourable" and "unfavourable" cases in probability and statistics. 2. In probability, a "favourable case" refers to an outcome or event that satisfies the condition we are interested in. 3. An "unfavourable case" is any outcome or event that does not satisfy the condition we are interested in. 4. For example, if you roll a die and want to get a 4, the favourable case is rolling a 4. 5. The unfavourable cases are rolling any number other than 4 (1, 2, 3, 5, or 6). 6. These concepts help us calculate probabilities by counting how many favourable cases exist out of all possible cases.