1. The problem involves interpreting the given sample mean $\bar{x} = 3.19$ and finding the corresponding $t$-value and $p$-value for a hypothesis test. 2. To find the $t$-value, we need the sample mean $\bar{x}$, the population mean $\mu_0$ (null hypothesis), the sample standard deviation $s$, and the sample size $n$. The formula for the $t$-statistic is: $$ t = \frac{\bar{x} - \mu_0}{s / \sqrt{n}} $$ 3. Without values for $\mu_0$, $s$, and $n$, we cannot calculate the exact $t$-value or $p$-value. 4. The $p$-value is found by comparing the calculated $t$-value to the $t$-distribution with $n-1$ degrees of freedom. 5. Please provide the population mean, sample standard deviation, and sample size to proceed with calculations.