1. **Problem:** Define temperature. 2. **Step 1:** Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It indicates how hot or cold an object is. 3. **Step 2:** In thermodynamics, temperature is a fundamental property that determines the direction of heat transfer between systems. 4. **Step 3:** Temperature scales include Celsius, Fahrenheit, and the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin or Rankine). 5. **Step 4:** The absolute temperature scale corresponding to Fahrenheit is the Rankine scale, defined as $$T_R = T_F + 459.67$$ where $T_F$ is the temperature in Fahrenheit and $T_R$ is the temperature in Rankine. 6. **Step 5:** To convert 100° F to Rankine: $$T_R = 100 + 459.67 = 559.67$$ 7. **Answer:** Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of particles. The absolute temperature scale corresponding to Fahrenheit is Rankine. 100° F equals 559.67° R.