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Integrales Definidas 467D0D

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1. **Planteamiento del problema:** Calcular la integral definida $$\int_{-1}^1 \left(x^{\frac{4}{3}} + 4x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right) dx$$ 2. **Fórmula y reglas importantes:** Para integrar potencias de $x$, usamos la fórmula $$\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C, \quad n \neq -1$$ 3. **Integración término a término:** $$\int x^{\frac{4}{3}} dx = \frac{x^{\frac{4}{3}+1}}{\frac{4}{3}+1} = \frac{x^{\frac{7}{3}}}{\frac{7}{3}} = \frac{3}{7}x^{\frac{7}{3}}$$ $$\int 4x^{\frac{1}{3}} dx = 4 \cdot \frac{x^{\frac{1}{3}+1}}{\frac{1}{3}+1} = 4 \cdot \frac{x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{\frac{4}{3}} = 4 \cdot \frac{3}{4} x^{\frac{4}{3}} = 3x^{\frac{4}{3}}$$ 4. **Integral indefinida:** $$\int \left(x^{\frac{4}{3}} + 4x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right) dx = \frac{3}{7}x^{\frac{7}{3}} + 3x^{\frac{4}{3}} + C$$ 5. **Evaluar la integral definida:** $$\int_{-1}^1 \left(x^{\frac{4}{3}} + 4x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right) dx = \left[\frac{3}{7}x^{\frac{7}{3}} + 3x^{\frac{4}{3}}\right]_{-1}^1$$ 6. **Calcular en $x=1$:** $$\frac{3}{7} \cdot 1^{\frac{7}{3}} + 3 \cdot 1^{\frac{4}{3}} = \frac{3}{7} + 3 = \frac{3}{7} + \frac{21}{7} = \frac{24}{7}$$ 7. **Calcular en $x=-1$:** Para potencias fraccionarias con denominador impar, $(-1)^m = -1$ si $m$ es impar, $1$ si es par. $$(-1)^{\frac{7}{3}} = \left((-1)^7\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} = (-1)^{\frac{1}{3}} = -1$$ $$(-1)^{\frac{4}{3}} = \left((-1)^4\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} = 1^{\frac{1}{3}} = 1$$ Entonces, $$\frac{3}{7} \cdot (-1)^{\frac{7}{3}} + 3 \cdot (-1)^{\frac{4}{3}} = \frac{3}{7} \cdot (-1) + 3 \cdot 1 = -\frac{3}{7} + 3 = -\frac{3}{7} + \frac{21}{7} = \frac{18}{7}$$ 8. **Resultado final:** $$\int_{-1}^1 \left(x^{\frac{4}{3}} + 4x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right) dx = \frac{24}{7} - \frac{18}{7} = \frac{6}{7}$$ --- **Segundo problema:** 1. Calcular $$\int_0^2 2x^2 \sqrt{x^3 + 1} dx$$ 2. Usamos sustitución: sea $$u = x^3 + 1 \Rightarrow du = 3x^2 dx \Rightarrow x^2 dx = \frac{du}{3}$$ 3. Cambiamos los límites: Para $x=0$, $u=0^3+1=1$ Para $x=2$, $u=2^3+1=8+1=9$ 4. Reescribimos la integral: $$\int_0^2 2x^2 \sqrt{x^3 + 1} dx = \int_1^9 2 \cdot \cancel{x^2 dx} \sqrt{u} \cdot \frac{du}{3} = \int_1^9 \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{u} du = \frac{2}{3} \int_1^9 u^{\frac{1}{2}} du$$ 5. Integramos: $$\int u^{\frac{1}{2}} du = \frac{u^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{2}{3} u^{\frac{3}{2}}$$ 6. Entonces, $$\frac{2}{3} \int_1^9 u^{\frac{1}{2}} du = \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{3} u^{\frac{3}{2}} \Big|_1^9 = \frac{4}{9} \left(9^{\frac{3}{2}} - 1^{\frac{3}{2}}\right)$$ 7. Calculamos potencias: $$9^{\frac{3}{2}} = (9^{\frac{1}{2}})^3 = 3^3 = 27$$ $$1^{\frac{3}{2}} = 1$$ 8. Resultado final: $$\frac{4}{9} (27 - 1) = \frac{4}{9} \cdot 26 = \frac{104}{9}$$